Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tau siv txuas ntxiv los tswj cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob siv lead ua, thiab kev loj hlob siv lead ua pib los ntawm kev kos duab mus rau kev tshawb fawb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li xyoo 1950, kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor sawv cev los ntawm ib leeg siv lead ua silicon tau txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm siv lead ua txoj kev xav thiab thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam compound semiconductors thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, optoelectronic cov ntaub ntawv, nonlinear optical cov ntaub ntawv, superconducting cov ntaub ntawv, ferroelectric cov ntaub ntawv, thiab hlau ib leeg siv lead ua cov ntaub ntawv tau coj mus rau ib tug series ntawm theoretical teeb meem. Thiab ntau thiab ntau txoj kev xav tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau siv lead ua kev loj hlob technology. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm kev loj hlob siv lead ua tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab tau dhau los ua ib ceg tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no.
Tam sim no, siv lead ua kev loj hlob maj mam tsim cov kev tshawb fawb theories, uas yog siv los tswj cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob siv lead ua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txheej txheem theoretical no tseem tsis tau zoo tag nrho, thiab tseem muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus uas nyob ntawm kev paub dhau los. Yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm dag siv lead ua feem ntau suav hais tias yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm thiab kev tshawb fawb.
Kev npaj ua tiav crystals yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no:
1.Qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau tswj uniformly. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob overcooling hauv zos lossis overheating, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau nucleation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov muaju.
2. Cov txheej txheem crystallization yuav tsum qeeb li sai tau kom tsis txhob muaj cov nucleation tshwm sim. Vim hais tias ib zaug spontaneous nucleation tshwm sim, ntau cov khoom zoo yuav raug tsim thiab cuam tshuam kev loj hlob siv lead ua.
3. Sib piv cov cua txias nrog cov crystal nucleation thiab kev loj hlob tus nqi. Cov muaju yog loj hlob uniformly, tsis muaj concentration gradient nyob rau hauv cov muaju, thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis deviate los ntawm tshuaj proportionality.
Crystal txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg raws li hom ntawm lawv niam txiv theem, uas yog yaj kev loj hlob, kev daws kev loj hlob, vapor theem kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob theem. Cov plaub hom kev loj hlob siv lead ua no tau hloov zuj zus mus rau ntau ntau txoj kev loj hlob siv lead ua nrog kev hloov hauv kev tswj xyuas.
Feem ntau, yog tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob siv lead ua decomposed, nws yuav tsum tsawg kawg suav nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: kev sib cais ntawm cov solute, tsim cov siv lead ua kev loj hlob unit, thauj cov siv lead ua kev loj hlob unit hauv kev loj hlob nruab nrab, siv lead ua kev loj hlob ntawm kev txav thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua. lub ntsiab ntawm lub ntsej muag siv lead ua thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov siv lead ua kev loj hlob interface, thiaj li paub txog kev loj hlob siv lead ua.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-07-2022